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  • December 17 2025
  • BM

As US doors narrow, African tech talent faces a tougher path to America

On Tuesday, December 16, US President Donald Trump expanded travel and visa restrictions on nationals from more than 30 countries, many of them in Africa, reviving and widening a policy first introduced during his first term. The order imposes full or partial entry restrictions based on visa overstay data, terrorism risk assessments, and failures in identity management and information sharing. For Africa’s fast-growing tech ecosystem, the move creates an entry barrier to one of the most important corridors for founders and operators trying to access the US market. Trump’s decision followed a months-long bureaucratic process rooted in legal precedent, immigration data, and national security doctrine that has already survived Supreme Court review. What led to the blanket ban The current expansion traces back to June 2025, when Trump restored the travel restrictions from his first term shortly after returning to office. Rather than introducing a new framework, the administration reinstated Executive Order 14161 and Proclamation 10949, relying on an earlier Supreme Court ruling that upheld the president’s authority to restrict entry on national security grounds. This time, the administration leaned heavily on data from the Department of Homeland Security’s FY 2024 Entry and Exit Overstay Report. Countries whose citizens overstayed US visas at high rates were flagged for sanctions, ranging from partial suspensions of business and student visas to full bans on entry. According to that report, several countries’ citizens defaulted at notable rates. F, M, and J student and exchange visa holders were flagged as compliance risks due to overstays. Cote d’Ivoire recorded a 19.09% overstay rate among students and exchange visitors, while Tanzania and Senegal posted rates of 13.97% and 13.07%, respectively.  Nigeria, one of Africa’s largest tech hubs, recorded a student and exchange visa overstay rate of 11.90%, even as business visa defaults on B-1 and B-2 visas remained just above 5%. The Gambia, Benin, and Sierra Leone stood out with the highest student visa overstay rates, each exceeding 35%, placing them among the most heavily penalised countries in the proclamation. High overstay rates in any major category are treated as evidence of systemic non-compliance, triggering broad restrictions that hit African talent. Several African countries now face full US entry bans, including Burkina Faso, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Libya, Mali, Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan. Sierra Leone was upgraded from partial to full restrictions under the new order, reflecting a sharp tightening of enforcement. Other African countries were partially restricted. Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Angola, Benin, Burundi, Togo, Cote d’Ivoire, The Gambia, Malawi, Mauritania, and Gabon are subject to limits that primarily affect business, tourism, and student visas, while leaving some immigrant pathways technically open but more difficult to access. Partial restrictions suspend the issuance of B-1 and B-2 visas used for business and tourism, as well as F, M, and J visas for students and exchange visitors. Some immigrant visa categories remain open, but applicants should expect slower processing and tougher reviews at US embassies. “This is not a blanket ban on all immigrant visas,” said Oluyomi Ojo, founder of immigration consulting firm AgoraVisa. “It does not automatically shut down EB-1A and EB-2 visas. EB immigrant visas are affected at the consular level—embassies will not adjudicate or will effectively pause issuance—there will be no exceptions. EB migrations will continue as the ban does not affect approvals at the USCIS. The USCIS continues to adjudicate EB petitions inside the United States for all. The disruption happens at embassies, where visa issuance may be paused or delayed, even after approvals.” Yet for Nigeria and several Sahel countries, the proclamation adds another complication. Trump explicitly cited the presence of groups such as Boko Haram and the Islamic State, arguing that terrorist activity “creates screening and vetting difficulties.” This could trigger enhanced security checks and reviews that slow immigration processes. Those two factors combine to raise the burden of proof for Nigerian applicants across nearly all non-immigrant categories. What does this mean for African tech talent? The most immediate impact falls on global mobility. New B-1 and B-2 visas will largely stop flowing from affected countries, cutting off US access. Student and exchange routes, which were viable immigration routes into the US tech ecosystem, will also narrow sharply. As visiting routes close, African tech talent is likely to seek out immigration pathways that remain unaffected by the proclamation. Employment-based visas such as O-1, L-1, and H-1B remain legally open, but they are far harder to obtain. These categories require employer sponsorship, exceptional-ability thresholds, or intracompany transfers that many early-stage founders and independent operators cannot meet. “Tech workers already on O-1, L1, H-1B [visas] from [affected] countries are not impacted, and can still file for EB-1 and EB-2 in the US and get approval,” said Ojo. “Those with visas approved before January 1 face fewer issues.” The deeper shift lies in how applications will now be judged. High overstay rates push consular interviews toward suspicion rather than validation. Immigration interviews will focus more on reasons an applicant might stay than on the purpose of the trip. African tech workers could face pressure proving they have reasons to return home, such as property ownership back home or long-term local employment, with no incentives to overstay their welcome. This creates a structural mismatch; for those without clear proof, it could weaken their ability to demonstrate ties to home countries. Founders already inside the US system remain shielded from the executive order. But first-time entrants will face a wall built from data, security logic, and bureaucracy that hamper migration opportunities for African talent. This could encourage a shift toward alternative hubs in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia, where visa access is predictable.

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  • December 16 2025
  • BM

How Swypt turns M-PESA payments into stablecoins without changing how Kenyans pay

In September, I met the Swypt team at ETHSafari in Kenya, a week-long Ethereum conference organised by Lisk, a blockchain platform that builds and supports decentralised applications, particularly in emerging markets. The event brings together developers, startups, and investors working on blockchain infrastructure across Africa. ETHSafari is usually loud with many product demos competing for attention from throngs of visitors. One of the booths by Swypt, a Kenyan fintech that connects merchants to stablecoin rails, was easy to miss because it did not have a lot of people around it. At the booth, co-founder and chief product officer, Stephen Gachanja, told me that Kenyan businesses were already using Swypt to sidestep shilling volatility by converting M-PESA payments into dollar-pegged stablecoins. A few days earlier, just before we left Nairobi for Kilifi, where ETHSafari was held, I had already seen what he meant. At Nairobi’s Westlands Mall, inside a small jewellery and fashion boutique, a customer made a payment that looked ordinary. The customer scanned an M-PESA paybill. On the phone, the transaction showed up in Kenyan shillings, but on the merchant’s end, though, the settlement arrived as USDT (Tether) in a self-custodial wallet. That gap between what the customer sees and what the merchant receives is Swypt’s entire product. Much of the blockchain industry tries to change user behaviour with new wallets and a promise of new rails. Swypt takes a different route because it leaves M-PESA untouched and moves the complexity underneath. Kenyans keep paying the way they already do, but stablecoins appear only after the payment clears. For now, the product spreads less through marketing and more through merchants, explaining it to each other across different towns.  The mechanics of the Swypt  Say a car rental business in Kenya, which handles local and international customers,  wants to use digital assets to bypass local currency volatility. The business can convert mobile money or bank receipts into USDT, a dollar-pegged stablecoin, by routing payments through a specialised financial interface.  The car rental payment system may choose to rely on an M-PESA paybill, a central feature of Kenya’s mobile money economy. In this context, a paybill is an M-PESA-linked business-to-business (B2B) or customer-to-business (C2B) cash collection service. Unlike a personal “send money” transaction, a paybill allows an entity to collect funds on a massive scale via a unique business number. Swypt merchant paybill Customers enter this business number and a specific “account number” to identify the transaction, such as a rental agreement ID or a car registration. This will then allow the business to automate reconciliation and track which customer paid for which service. Assuming the rental business operates across three national locations, managed through a central data module (Swypt issues a free virtual POS (point of sale) terminal that allows the merchant to manage these multiple branches from a single dashboard without the need for physical card readers), the financial flow moves through four steps.  Customers pay via M-PESA using a provided paybill, QR code, or payment link. The Swypt software automatically converts the shilling-denominated payment into USDT. Funds are pushed to a self-custodial wallet owned by the business. This ensures the service provider does not hold the merchant’s capital to cut counterparty risk. Staff at each respective branch receive instant transaction alerts to confirm the rental. Once settled in digital dollars, the business can then use the liquidity for operational expenses.  Swypt supports outbound payments back into the M-PESA ecosystem, including tills (retail payment numbers) and bank accounts, to settle payroll and supplier invoices. Customer journey from payment to reconciliation However, the lack of a traditional chargeback mechanism shifts risk. Only a merchant can initiate a reversal, which eliminates the “friendly fraud” that plagues online retail but demands higher consumer trust. The cheapest route for the business is “peer-to-peer” settlement with other merchants on the same network. Because the underlying assets are on-chain, the business can also settle international obligations with any supplier capable of receiving USDT, effectively removing the friction of traditional cross-border banking. Swypt is stripping the complexity from self-custody by offering a decentralised bridge between USDT and KES without the traditional friction of blockchain. The platform is strictly non-custodial, meaning it never holds user keys or funds. Instead, it only interacts with a user’s wallet when authorised to settle a specific transaction. To make the experience feel like a standard banking app, Swypt uses account abstraction that allows users to bypass the headache of seed phrases (the master key to your digital assets), accessing their wallets via email and 2FA across any device.  Why is bypassing the shilling so important?  For Kenyan merchants, the primary incentive is currency preservation. After two years of the shilling’s volatility against the US dollar, holding local currency has become a balance-sheet risk for anyone importing raw materials or finished goods.  Once funds arrive as stablecoins, merchants can move money quickly across multiple channels. They can pay international invoices in USDT, transfer assets to external wallets like Trust Wallet, or convert back to KES for local use. Swypt claims to remove its own exposure to currency fluctuations by eliminating an “internal float” or the idle cash reserves traditional processors hold. Lean operations Swypt’s commercial model is aggressive since there are no upfront fees for accepting payments. Rather, costs are concentrated on the payout side. According to Gachanja, off-ramp fees typically sit below 1%, comfortably beating the spreads of black market FX exchanges or traditional wire fees. For high-volume enterprises, an over-the-counter desk handles liquidity via API. “Swypt only applies fees on payouts and has no direct upfront fees for pay-ins (M-PESA to paybill charges apply). In comparison to market standards, our fees are majorly below 1% for all transactions,” Gachanja said.  In an era of renewed venture rounds, Swypt is an outlier. The 12-person team is entirely bootstrapped. Gachanja claims that the business has processed over $10 million in volume across 1,000 merchants.  The model is not without its dependencies because Swypt relies on the stability of third-party stablecoins and

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  • December 16 2025
  • BM

What Senegal’s tech ecosystem can teach Francophone Africa about scale

16 decembre 2025 Hello! Welcome back to Francophone Weekly by TechCabal, your weekly deep dive into the tech ecosystem across French-speaking Africa. Previous editions have been published on the web, but email versions of the newsletter will land directly in your inbox every Tuesday at noon. By default, this newsletter is in French—but don’t worry, you can click the button below to switch to the English version. Read in English Avant de nous plonger dans la newsletter d’aujourd’hui, nous aimerions connaître votre avis. Préférez-vous recevoir les e-mails de Francophone Weekly en anglais ou en français ? Répondez à notre rapide sondage ici. Votre opinion compte. Aidez-nous à améliorer cette newsletter. Merci! Remarque : Francophone Weekly fermera ses portes la semaine prochaine, le 23 décembre, et reprendra ses activités le 6 janvier 2026. Au cours du mois dernier, nous avons abordé la question de la croissance des start-ups africaines francophones : comment le financement par emprunt peut-il favoriser la croissance au-delà du capital initial, et pourquoi les bourses locales méritent davantage d’attention en tant que sources de capitaux viables, alors que l’écosystème réduit progressivement sa dépendance vis-à-vis des capitaux étrangers. Aujourd’hui, nous nous concentrons sur le Sénégal, le pays qui a produit la première licorne francophone d’Afrique et qui écrit actuellement un deuxième chapitre plus important. L’histoire de Dakar s’est orientée vers la construction délibérée d’une échelle de financement, conçue pour soutenir les entreprises depuis l’idée jusqu’à leur expansion. Au cœur de cette approche se trouvent des institutions soutenues par l’État, telles que la Délégation générale pour l’entrepreneuriat rapide des femmes et des jeunes (DER) et le Fonds souverain pour les investissements stratégiques (FONSIS), qui jouent un rôle de plus en plus actif dans la réduction des risques liés à l’innovation. En absorbant les risques liés aux premières étapes, en fournissant des capitaux patients et en structurant des financements adaptés aux réalités locales, ces institutions créent un espace pour que les capitaux privés suivent. Des sociétés de capital-risque mondiales, dont Partech, participent à leurs côtés, non pas malgré la présence de l’État, mais grâce à elle. Dans la newsletter d’aujourd’hui, nous explorons cette courbe en S pour le Sénégal, en examinant comment les capitaux publics et privés sont superposés pour construire un écosystème technologique plus résilient, inclusif et évolutif, et ce que ce modèle pourrait signifier pour le reste de l’Afrique francophone. 1. La nouvelle phase de formation de capital au Sénégal Photo du Dakar épinglé sur une carte de l’Afrique/Source de l’image : The Fintech Times Le Sénégal occupe depuis quelques années une place croissante dans le paysage tech et PME d’Afrique francophone, portée par des success stories et l’arrivée d’acteurs d’investissement internationaux. Le cas le plus marquant reste Wave, qui a été annoncé « unicorn » après une levée majeure (Série A) annoncée en 2021 (≈ $200 million) et qui a continué à lever des dettes importantes ensuite (ex. rondes de dette reportées dans la presse en 2025). Parmi les autres opérations notables récentes figurent des tours de seed/early-stage comme Logidoo (≈ $1.55M, 2024) et plusieurs levées de scale-up et dettes pour des fintechs et plateformes logistiques sénégalaises et régionales. Ces opérations confirment une dynamique où l’écosystème commence à produire des acteurs prêts pour des séries plus importantes ou des opérations de dette structurée. Sur le plan des montants agrégés, les rapports sectoriels montrent que l’activité de financement en Afrique a repris de la vigueur en 2023–2024 avec plusieurs vagues d’investissement et une résilience progressive des marchés VC ; pour le seul Sénégal, des bases de données d’investissements rapportent des montants équivalents à plusieurs millions de dollars levés par des start-ups locales au cours de l’année 2024 (ex. Tracxn signale 14,5 million $ d’opérations équity enregistrées sur 2024). Ces chiffres maskent toutefois une grande hétérogénéité : quelques opérations de grande taille (fintechs, logistique) concentrent une large part du capital. Enfin, la présence d’investisseurs internationaux se renforce : Partech possède un siège africain avec activité Dakar (Partech Africa) et a clos un grand fonds Afrique (Partech Africa II) en 2024 ; d’autres acteurs et fonds locaux ou régionaux (Teranga Capital, Haskè Ventures, Brightmore Capital, Wuri Ventures, 216 Capital, Founders Factory Africa, etc.) sont actifs au Sénégal ou investissent régulièrement dans des sociétés basées au Sénégal. Cette intensification de l’offre de capital aide la maturation de la chaîne de financement locale. 2. Des institutions publiques et quasi-publiques qui structurent l’écosystème Délégation sénégalaise pour l’entrepreneuriat/Source de l’image : Winrock International Délégation Générale à l’Entrepreneuriat Rapide des Femmes et des Jeunes — DER / DER-FJ La DER est l’instrument public lancé par l’État pour stimuler l’entrepreneuriat des jeunes et des femmes. Créée par décret en 2017, elle combine financement direct, assistance technique et animation de l’écosystème : accompagnement d’incubation/accélération, financement de TPE/PME et programmes sectoriels (pêche, agriculture, numérique, etc.). La DER opère avec plusieurs « guichets » (autonomisation, soutien TPME, etc.) et développe des outils digitaux et plateformes pour la sélection et le suivi des bénéficiaires. Elena Dia dirige l’unité d’animation de l’écosystème au sein de la DER, où elle conçoit des programmes d’accompagnement (incubation, accélération, formation) et coordonne les partenaires locaux et internationaux. FONSIS (Fonds souverain d’investissements stratégiques) Le FONSIS est le fonds souverain du Sénégal, dédié à l’investissement dans des projets stratégiques. Il gère plusieurs véhicules et a lancé des fonds thématiques comme WE! Fund (focalisé sur l’autonomisation économique des femmes) et d’autres solutions capables d’apporter à la fois dette et equity. FONSIS peut jouer un rôle de « scaling » pour des projets ayant dépassé le stade d’amorçage, et la coordination DER-FONSIS est en cours d’approfondissement (DER alimente des pipelines que FONSIS peut prendre en charge pour des tickets plus élevés ou en equity).  ADEPME (Agence de Développement et d’Encadrement des PME) L’ADEPME est l’agence étatique chargée de l’accompagnement technique et de la formalisation des PME : formation, e-rating, subventions partielles pour l’accès à des services de consultants, labellisation pour faciliter l’accès au financement bancaire. Elle agit comme bras opérationnel pour renforcer la compétitivité des PME sénégalaises. Autres acteurs

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  • December 15 2025
  • BM

After investing £1 billion in Africa in 2024, BII’s Africa head explains the sectors driving its biggest bets

Since 2020, the British International Investment (BII) has significantly expanded its Africa portfolio. In 2021, the development finance institution (DFI) invested about £2.2 billion ($2.9 billion) in African businesses, exceeding a pledge made at the 2020 UK-Africa Investment Summit. Going forward, BII set a strategy to commit £1.5–2 billion ($2–2.6 billion) annually from 2022 to 2026, with Africa as a core focus.  That focus has allowed BII’s annual commitments to Africa to explode, despite global headwinds. In 2023, £725 million ($970 million) was invested in Africa (about 55% of BII’s total that year) before surging to £1.09 billion ($1.45 billion) in 2024, nearly a 40% increase year-on-year.  This period coincides with Chris Chijiutomi, a British-Nigerian with two decades of experience in investing across Europe, Asia, and Africa, becoming the managing director and head of Africa for BII. Now, Africa comprises roughly 60% of BII’s new investments by value in recent years, showing the continent’s priority in BII’s portfolio. BII has also steadily expanded its exposure to early-stage ventures and technology startups in Africa, positioning venture capital as a core instrument of its development mandate. As a limited partner, it has anchored several Africa-focused funds, including TLcom Capital’s TIDE Africa Funds I and II, Sawari Ventures in North Africa, and Novastar Ventures in East and West Africa. Alongside fund investments, BII has selectively deployed capital directly into startups like mPharma, to strengthen pharmaceutical supply chains, and equity investments in TradeDepot, Moniepoint, and Egypt’s Paymob. It has also backed off-grid energy companies such as M-KOPA and Lumos.  For this week’s Ask an Investor, I spoke with Chijiutomi to understand the firm’s increased focus on Africa, the sectors that he’s willing to invest in, BII’s sudden profitability jump, how the firm picks its startups and funds, and the sector that has provided the most returns.  This interview has been edited for length and clarity. Is there any sector where you think your views have changed the most since you became BII’s Head of Africa? When I started this role, I would say renewable energy—especially decentralised renewable energy—was fairly nascent. The solar panels were relatively quite expensive, including the battery, and the uptake was also quite limited. Therefore, the technical and commercial viability was still quite nascent. But if I look at where I am now, and I remember driving from the airport to our office here, I could see a lot of solar panels on people’s rooftops. I could see solar panels on the streetlights. So I think, for me, what we call decentralised renewable energy—DRE—has been one area that has seen an absolute increase in uptake. That’s obviously also a function of the gap that exists in a country like Nigeria in terms of electricity access. That’s one key area. And what have we been doing in this space? We invested this year in a $7.5 million facility for a company called Odyssey Energy Solutions, which is a company that’s specifically focused on energy access with renewables. We provided a facility last year—$30 million—to InfraCredit, and InfraCredit is supporting a lot of renewable energy developers in Nigeria. That’s one area that jumps out at me in terms of a key sector that has evolved.  The other one—probably more broad—is the whole venture capital space, the VC space, where people are using technology to develop solutions for their day-to-day problems in markets like Nigeria and broader West Africa. So those two areas, I would probably say, were areas where I’ve seen the most change since I took on the Head of Africa role. Get The Best African Tech Newsletters In Your Inbox Select your country Nigeria Ghana Kenya South Africa Egypt Morocco Tunisia Algeria Libya Sudan Ethiopia Somalia Djibouti Eritrea Uganda Tanzania Rwanda Burundi Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Central African Republic Chad Cameroon Gabon Equatorial Guinea São Tomé and Príncipe Angola Zambia Zimbabwe Botswana Namibia Lesotho Eswatini Mozambique Madagascar Mauritius Seychelles Comoros Cape Verde Guinea-Bissau Senegal The Gambia Guinea Sierra Leone Liberia Côte d’Ivoire Burkina Faso Mali Niger Benin Togo Other Select your gender Male Female Others TC Daily TC Events TC Scoop Subscribe What do you think is spurring this change?  On DRE, it’s just the fact that no country can develop without energy infrastructure. The challenge we have in Africa—and especially Sub-Saharan Africa—is the lack of energy access. A country like Nigeria, with over 200 million people—at least that’s the last count—has less than 6,000 megawatts of electricity on the grid. Then, when you think about the rural and the peri-urban areas, a lot of them lack access to electricity. Just that failure is what’s led people to think about alternative solutions, and I think that’s where the DRE solutions come into play. I think on the VC side, with the uptake of the internet and the uptake of telecoms, that has really driven a lot of smart young Africans to think about how to use technology to solve their day-to-day problems—be it things related to payment systems, things related to logistics, or even things related to farming and climate-related data. I think all of this is all about problems that are preventing the continent from developing and growing. Those are the reasons why I think the uptake really has kind of moved onto that next level. Since you became Head of BII for Africa, what has been your Africa tech strategy? Has it evolved from before you took on the role, or have you maintained the same strategy at BII? I would say it’s evolved. Prior to me taking on the Head of Africa role, we’ve been investing in the venture capital space and also the private equity space, and the two kinds of interlink. I think since I’ve taken on the role, a big focus of mine has been: How can we find local African entrepreneurs to back? How can we make sure we go deeper in this area and we look for the right type of managers to basically give them our capital and the responsibility

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  • December 15 2025
  • BM

India’s Fynd launches in South Africa with luxury retailer Surtee Group

Fynd, a Mumbai-headquartered  AI-powered unified commerce platform backed by Reliance Retail Ventures, has launched in South Africa and onboarded Surtee Group, one of the country’s most prominent luxury fashion retailers with 94 boutiques, as its first strategic partner. The launch comes as South Africa’s online retail market targets a new era of growth and maturity. E-commerce sales are projected to reach nearly $7 billion in 2025, representing approximately 10% of national retail sales. The figure shows that the region presents a fertile ground for tech-enabled retail growth and makes it a strategic entry point into the continent. “South Africa is an exciting addition to our global footprint,” said Ronak Modi, Fynd’s Chief Business Officer. “The market is digitally ambitious, brand-forward, and ready for intelligent commerce infrastructure. Our goal is to help local retailers unify siloed systems, personalise engagement, and accelerate fulfilment without adding complexity.” Through its partnership with Surtee Group, Fynd will deploy its unified commerce stack, including digital storefronts, order management systems, tools for managing clientele, and warehouse management systems, to connect online and offline operations. This will enable real-time inventory keeping, ship-from-store fulfilment services, faster order processing, and more personalised in-store customer engagement, which can improve margins for luxury brands. The South African launch is the latest step in Fynd’s global expansion strategy. In September, the company launched its operations in Dubai and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region, establishing a regional headquarters in the Middle East. In November, it established operations in the UK through partnerships with Bridgehead and Incrementum, companies that help startups scale. Fynd, which already supports 20,000 stores globally, provides an end-to-end commerce stack that unifies in-store, online, and logistics operations on a single platform, making the purchase journey easier for consumers. “Consumers expect seamless, personalised experiences across every channel, and retailers need agile, intelligent infrastructure to keep up,” Modi added. “Our platform is built to unify disconnected systems, speed up fulfilment, and elevate customer engagement; all without adding operational complexity.” Get The Best African Tech Newsletters In Your Inbox Select your country Nigeria Ghana Kenya South Africa Egypt Morocco Tunisia Algeria Libya Sudan Ethiopia Somalia Djibouti Eritrea Uganda Tanzania Rwanda Burundi Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Central African Republic Chad Cameroon Gabon Equatorial Guinea São Tomé and Príncipe Angola Zambia Zimbabwe Botswana Namibia Lesotho Eswatini Mozambique Madagascar Mauritius Seychelles Comoros Cape Verde Guinea-Bissau Senegal The Gambia Guinea Sierra Leone Liberia Côte d’Ivoire Burkina Faso Mali Niger Benin Togo Other Select your gender Male Female Others TC Daily TC Events TC Scoop Subscribe

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  • December 13 2025
  • BM

Africa wants to make its own games. Building them is still the hard part

If you wanted to understand the passion it truly takes to build a game in Africa, you only needed to witness the morning of MaliyoCon25, the inaugural gaming conference hosted by Maliyo Games, the game developer behind Safari City, Whot King, and Disney’s Iwájú: Rising Chef. The rain poured down heavily on Thursday morning, December 11, and the notorious Lagos traffic that might typically cripple an event. But that chaos only seemed to fuel the resolve of the attendees, as the room sat full. Nothing was going to hold back the people building Africa’s gaming future. The room was packed with game developers, founders, creators, and executives, including Hugo Obi, founder of Maliyo Games; Mathias Nørvig, CEO of SYBO Games, the studio behind Subway Surfers; Bukola Akinagbe, founder of Kucheza Games; and representatives from SuperCell, all drawn together by a shared belief that African-made games can stand confidently on the global stage.  MaliyoCon25 was a checkpoint to evaluate how far the industry has come and to confront the hard truths of what must be done to develop the gaming ecosystem in Nigeria and across the continent. Navigating a “stop-start” ecosystem Amidst the applause, the conversation shifted to the reality of what it actually takes to run a studio in Africa. While the global gaming industry might face its own headwinds, the African context introduces a layer of friction that requires a unique kind of fortitude. Christopher Adomako, the Lead Product Manager at Maliyo, described the development lifecycle here as a start-stop process.  “I don’t think I’ve ever worked on a project where we’ve started something, gone from brainstorming to game design, and everything just went straight to the hands of players. It has definitely been stop-start,” he said.” Whether it is battling poor internet connectivity or power outages, Adomako described the workflow as one that is rarely smooth. Creators must know exactly when to pause and when to resume, turning game development into a test of patience as much as skill.  This environment demands a specific temperament from founders. Echoing a sentiment introduced by Deborah Mensah-Bonsu, global social impact lead at SuperCell, about the necessity of grit, Hugo Obi reinforced that to survive here: “You have got to be scrappy.” There is no room for waiting for perfect conditions or ample resources. Obi spoke openly about the structural issues that sit behind the work, the absence of industry data, weak monetisation systems on the continent, the pressure to train talent from scratch, and the constant battle to build while simultaneously keeping the lights on.  “The challenge that we have is that all of the data that we have is third-party; it is somebody else’s data,” he said. “Nothing we do is easy. The funding is not easy, the production is not easy, the personnel management is not easy.”  Talent remains the beating heart of this conversation. There are brilliant creatives across the continent, but developing them into production-ready professionals takes time. Data from the 2024 Africa Games Industry Report reveals that roughly 63% of local game developers have less than five years of experience in the industry. Reflecting on the early days of the industry, Obi shared his realisation about the attrition rate in the African gaming space.  “Everyone I started with was gone,” he said. “ People had put years into this thing… at some point, I was the last man standing.”  The ecosystem was trapped in a cycle where ambition wasn’t matching output because there was no pipeline to produce skilled developers. This realisation birthed Game Up Africa, a training programme for people interested in developing games.  Get The Best African Tech Newsletters In Your Inbox Select your country Nigeria Ghana Kenya South Africa Egypt Morocco Tunisia Algeria Libya Sudan Ethiopia Somalia Djibouti Eritrea Uganda Tanzania Rwanda Burundi Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Central African Republic Chad Cameroon Gabon Equatorial Guinea São Tomé and Príncipe Angola Zambia Zimbabwe Botswana Namibia Lesotho Eswatini Mozambique Madagascar Mauritius Seychelles Comoros Cape Verde Guinea-Bissau Senegal The Gambia Guinea Sierra Leone Liberia Côte d’Ivoire Burkina Faso Mali Niger Benin Togo Other Select your gender Male Female Others TC Daily TC Events TC Scoop Subscribe There also lies the challenge of the audience. Obi noted that African creators are building for a market that is still forming its identity, with spending power that fluctuates and user behaviour that global benchmarks don’t capture. Layered on these challenges is the struggle for funding. While third-party data suggests the African gaming market is generating significant value, with revenue of about $7 billion in 2024 across the Middle East and Africa, capital flows to studios remain restricted.  According to data from the 2025 African Game Developer Survey, only 3% of game studios have ever received government funding, underscoring how limited funding flows are for early-stage creators. Some exceptions highlight what is possible, as South African game developer Carry1st raised a $27 million round in 2023. This reality, where only a small fraction of developers secure meaningful investment, reinforces that fundraising is a persistent pain point in the game development industry. The future of game development in Africa MaliyoCon25 also made it clear that Africa’s game development is already taking shape, regardless of the difficulties. With programmes like Game Up Africa feeding talent into studios, partnerships forming across borders, including interest from institutions like Arizona State University, and creators gaining confidence in telling African stories. One of the recurring themes was that Africa’s strength will come from building with the continent’s own identity and structural realities in mind, rather than replicating what exists elsewhere. “I want us to be a net producer, as opposed to a net consumer of games. Nothing else matters. As long as Africa is not producing the games that Africans are playing… this needs to be done,” Obi declared, going so far as to call local game production “a matter of national security.”

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  • December 13 2025
  • BM

We asked 22 Nigerian tech workers what they want for Christmas. Here’s the list.

Let’s be honest: the life of a Nigerian tech worker is a grind. You’re building world-class products while juggling unreliable power, slow internet, and endless requests. When those tight deadlines hit and the lights go out, a standard gift basket just won’t cut it. After a year spent coding, scaling, and surviving, the reward needs to be more than a simple break. It should be a strategic investment in comfort, productivity, and, frankly, survival. The holidays are finally here, and instead of guessing, we went straight to the source. We spoke to 22 Nigerian tech workers, including product designers, software engineers, data professionals, and founders. We asked them what they really want this season. Here is the ultimate TechCabal-approved holiday gift guide. The sanctuary of sound: audio & noise cancellation For those whose work demands intense concentration, the gift of silence is arguably one of the greatest luxuries. The ability to create a personal auditory bubble is non-negotiable for anyone in deep work. This desire for peace is widely shared. Software engineer Frank Owobu and Robotic Process Automation Developer Emediong Usanga both listed noise-cancelling headsets as top items on their wish lists, demonstrating that the ability to hear oneself think simply is a high-impact daily luxury. Bukola Abati, a product intern at Big Cabal Media, puts the premium on headphones, specifically the AirPod Max, because the “noise cancellation is just perfect for taking courses, zoning out when you’re deep in documentation or research. And yes, music.”  Source: Unsplash Ergonomic items Hours spent at a keyboard demand an investment in the body. The small, thoughtful items that make a workstation less punishing are treats that pay dividends in productivity and health. Software engineer Biliqis Onikoyi requested a “Thumb sock to protect my thumbs,” a micro-comfort for a highly strained body part among many tech professionals.  Similarly, Martins Adegboyega, a web designer, listed a full suite of supportive items: anti-glare glasses, ergonomic chairs, and an ergonomic mouse.  Source: Unsplash Stephen Akinola, a full-stack software engineer, listed the LiberNovo Omni Dynamic Ergonomic chair and Sihoo Doro C300 pro, noting it “will help me be more comfortable while working, hence higher productivity.”  Gadgets Tech professionals are also constantly looking for devices that bridge work and life, allowing for instant creation and consumption without the heft of a laptop. This is why the Apple iPad Pro is a highly coveted item. Chioma Nwandiko, a product designer, wants an iPad Pro, “because I hate having to carry my laptop [around].”  Software engineer Pelumi Shonowo says he wants a portable monitor, a multi-port dongle, and a power bank. Mayo Obadofin, a project manager, specifically requested the M5 11-inch model, stating she needs “one device that can handle everything like planning my life, ignoring my life, watching things, journaling, and pretending I’m an artistic prodigy.”  Source: Unsplash For capturing life’s moments without being anchored to a phone, the Ray-Ban Meta Gen 2 Smart Glasses are a perfect treat. Obadofin requested these as well, saying, “I want to live in the moment and record stuff without looking like I’m livestreaming 24/7. With these glasses, I won’t miss anything good.” Intellectual fortifications: Subscriptions and learning The true luxury for a tech worker is time and access to knowledge. Gifts that fuel continuous learning and provide shortcuts to productivity are an investment in their future. Access to quality education is a top priority. Omeiza Owuda, a software engineer, wants an annual educational subscription to master in-demand skills such as System Design and Machine Learning.  The gift of powerful software is also essential. Senior product manager Chioma Nwandiko and software engineer Frank Owobu both asked for “a year’s worth of subscription for my apps,” including OpenAI, Netflix, Canva, Google LLM, and YT music.  Source: Unsplash Tobi Omole, Head of Build & Deploy at Xown Solutions, looked even further afield, requesting a Harvard Business School Online course for management, showing that investing in formal high-value training is an ultimate gift.  Software engineer Biliqis Onikoyi wants a whiteboard and marker “to help track daily goals in a more efficient way” and draw maps around ideas. Escape: play, hobbies, and rest The tech workers we spoke to know that the best productivity hack is a total break.  The classic gaming console remains a popular choice. Product designer RoseMary Emenike and Frontend Engineer Allwell Onen both listed a PS5 and gaming accessories. Onen also wants an electric bicycle “only because it’s cool stuff to have.”  Source: Unsplash For a hobby that takes them far away from the desk, mobile and full-stack engineer Femi Adeniji wants a DJI camera drone, adding, “I’ve been quite fascinated with how they work.” Ultimately, the most profound wish for many is pure rest. Product marketer Iyanu Hunye wished for “a car, lots of money, and a dollar-paying job,” and software developer intern Priscilla Fadayini needs: “a vacation trip to clear my head. That way I’ll be well rested and more productive afterwards.”  Former HR manager at software quality partner company Assurdly, Ola-Thomas Gabriella, who used to curate Christmas gifts for tech employees, suggests massage/spa gift cards, routers/MiFi, and snacks as essentials for Christmas packages.  This wishlist proves that the best gift isn’t necessarily the most expensive one, but one that directly addresses a pain point. The underlying value of the gift item remains the same, and it is an acknowledgement of the demanding year for tech professionals. So, as you begin or wrap up your shopping, remember to get something that shows you see and appreciate the continuous hustle that comes with working in the Nigerian tech ecosystem.

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  • December 12 2025
  • BM

12 tech gadgets to gift your loved ones this Christmas

As the holidays approach, finding a gift that balances utility with thoughtfulness can be a challenge. We’ve curated a mix of tech essentials for every type of person in your life, from music lovers and gamers to frequent travelers and productivity enthusiasts. With this list, we’ve kept your spirits of gift selection high and the stress levels sourcing low. So, here are 12 tech gadgets gifts you can buy for your loved ones that can make the Christmas season one to remember. 1. Apple AirPods Pro 3 The AirPods Pro 3 are the gold standard for Apple users. With powerful Active Noise Cancellation (ANC), improved adaptive audio, and richer bass, they make commutes and workouts immersive. The new IP57 rating means they are dust and water-resistant, while the built-in heart-rate sensor adds a wellness dimension to the audio experience. Best for: iPhone users, fitness enthusiasts, and commuters. Price: ₦582,660 ($400) Where to buy: Apple Store, Jumia, authorised retailers. Image Source: Apple. 2. Anker PowerCore Slim power bank (26,800mAh) This is the ultimate utility gift, with enough capacity to charge most smartphones 5 to 6 times. The Anker PowerCore ensures your recipient is never stranded with a dead battery. It supports fast charging and features multiple USB ports to handle a phone, tablet, and earbuds simultaneously, all while remaining compact enough for a backpack. Best for: Travelers, heavy phone users, and students. Price: ₦182,750 ($124) Where to buy: Jumia, Amazon, and Anker store. Image Source: Jumia. 3. JBL Go 4 Bluetooth speaker Small but punchy, the JBL Go 4 is the ideal “grab-and-go” speaker. It fits easily in a pocket but delivers surprisingly clear vocals and bass. With an IP67 waterproof/dustproof rating and a 7-hour battery life (extendable with Playtime Boost), it is built for outdoor adventures, beach days, or casual listening at home. Best for: Students, beach-goers, and outdoor lovers. Price: ₦71,000 ($48) Where to buy: JBL Store and Jumia. Image Source: JBL 4. Sony SRS‑XB100 wireless speaker For those who want a richer sound in a small package, the SRS-XB100 uses a Sound Diffusion Processor to spread audio further. It supports Bluetooth 5.3 and includes a built-in mic for hands-free calling. It’s a versatile upgrade for a dorm room, home office, or small outdoor gathering. Best for: Remote workers and students who need a mic/speaker combo. Price: ₦75,000 ($51) Where to buy: Sony, Jumia, and Amazon. Image Source: SONY 5. 3-in-1 Wireless charging dock Get rid of cable clutter with a station that powers a smartphone, earbuds, and smartwatch simultaneously. This dock brings order to a nightstand or desk, allowing the user to simply drop their devices and go. It is a simple luxury that saves time and reduces the hassle of finding multiple adapters. Best for: Organised professionals and tech minimalists. Price: ₦30,449 ($21) Where to buy: Jumia, Temu, and gadget retailers. Image Source: Jumia 6. Ergonomic wireless mouse An ergonomic mouse is a health investment for anyone glued to a computer. Designed to reduce wrist strain and improve precision, it makes long hours of writing, designing, or gaming significantly more comfortable. The wireless functionality allows for a cleaner desk setup or the flexibility to work from a couch. Best for: Remote workers, writers, and designers. Price: ₦15,000 ($10) – ₦55,000 ($37) Where to buy: Jumia and Ikeja Computer Village, Lagos. Image Source: Temu 7. Oraimo BoomPop 2 over‑ear headphones The BoomPop 2 balances affordability with performance. Featuring 40mm drivers and “HavyBass” tuning, these headphones deliver a dynamic audio profile. Practical features like Environmental Noise Cancellation (ENC) for clear calls and a massive 60-hour battery life make them a reliable daily driver for work and play. Best for: Commuters, students, and bass lovers on a budget. Price: ₦29,215 ($20) – ₦42,500 ($28) Where to buy: Oraimo website, Konga, and Jumia. Image Source: Oraimo 8. Xiaomi Watch 5 Active This smartwatch offers a massive feature set without the premium price tag. It sports a bright 2.0-inch LCD, Bluetooth calling, and over 140 sport modes. With 5 ATM water resistance and a battery that lasts up to 18 days on a single charge, it’s perfect for users who want fitness tracking without the anxiety of daily charging. Best for: First-time smartwatch users and fitness beginners. Price: ₦39,000 ($26) – ₦44,000 ($29) Where to buy: Jumia and Xiaomi retailers. Image Source: Xiaomi 9. A compact desk gadget (Novelty tech) Sometimes the best gift is one that adds personality to a space. Whether it’s a retro digital clock, a floating bulb, or a pixel art display, these compact gadgets upgrade the vibe of a workspace or bedroom. They are affordable stocking stuffers that bring a touch of creativity to a desk setup. Best for: Creatives, streamers, and students. Price: ₦30,499 ($20) Where to buy: Konga and Jumia. Image Source: Jumia 10. Rechargeable fan In areas with unpredictable power supply, a rechargeable fan is a genuine lifesaver. Modern units now feature LED lights, timers, and digital displays. Available in sizes ranging from handhelds to standing units, this is a practical gift that ensures comfort during the hot, dry holiday season. Best for: Families and anyone living in areas with erratic power. Price: ₦10,200 ($7) – ₦231,000 ($157) Where to buy: Konga, Jumia, and electronics stores. Image Source: Konga 11. Smart glasses Smart glasses are the futuristic pick for 2025. They double as fashion accessories and audio devices, allowing users to listen to music or take calls without blocking their ears. Budget-friendly options like the Xiaomi MIJIA or Amazon Echo Frames offer these features starting around $150, while premium models like the Meta × Ray-Ban offer AI integration and cameras. Best for: Early adopters and fashion-forward techies. Price:  ₦16,990($11) – 60,525 ($41) (varies by brand) Where to buy: Amazon, Jumia, and Konga. Image Source: Jumia 12. Redmi 15C The Redmi 15C is a powerhouse budget phone from Chinese phone maker Xiaomi. With a large 6.71-inch display, an octa-core processor, and a massive 6,000mAh battery, it handles daily tasks with ease. The 50MP AI

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  • December 12 2025
  • BM

7 African startups redefining travel, training, transportation, and treatment

Startups On Our Radar spotlights African startups solving African challenges with innovation. In our previous edition, we featured seven game-changing startups pioneering aquaculture, financing, funding, and healthcare. Expect the next dispatch on December 19, 2025. This week, we explore seven African startups in the health, education, travel, and automotive sectors and why they should be on your watchlist. Let’s dive into it:  Zof AI wants to automate the entire software-testing lifecycle with specialised AI agents (AI, USA) Founded by Kevin Kissi, a former engineer at Microsoft and the US Bank, Zof AI addresses the inefficiencies of manual software testing, which is often slow and limited in scope. At Microsoft, he saw how manual testers and separate units handling security, compliance, privacy, and accessibility, all needing to validate a product before release. These workflows made testing slow, fragmented, and expensive. Kissi left Microsoft with the insight that AI agents could fully automate every layer of software testing, from generating test cases to executing them at scale.  Zof AI’s platform runs software tests using 40 specialised AI agents, with each one dedicated to a specific testing category such as unit testing, integration testing, accessibility, security, device emulation, localisation, or SQL-injection detection. Users upload a requirements document or let the system generate one if none exists, which will allow Zof AI to automatically crawl the application, learn its behaviour, generate test scenarios, and assign them to its agent network. Inside the platform’s dashboard, users can start tests, target individual agents, or schedule automated runs that execute in the cloud, even when the user is offline.  Results of tests may include bug reports and analysis, and improvement suggestions. The system scores every developer based on bug frequency in their code, the speed at which they fix it, and historical quality. Zof AI integrates with GitHub, Slack, Asana, and a suite of enterprise tools.  The startup operates a tiered subscription model that includes an entry plan of $99 monthly for 120 credits and access to three agents, a higher tier at $599 monthly for 8,000 credits and full access to all 40 agents, and enterprise pricing, which is handled through corporate licensing deals. Zof AI is transitioning to a new pricing system that will price each agent individually and introduce team and business billing tiers.  Zof AI uses a mix of internally fine-tuned models and external large models, like Llama 70B and Mistral, and assigns different underlying models to each agent type depending on which performs best for its task. These models are trained on data that combines synthetic datasets, scraped public-domain materials, and open datasets. Since launching in Q4 2025, Kissi claims that Zof AI has raised $250,000 from angel investors, onboarded 50 startups, 10 medium-sized companies, and one major enterprise client in France, and is currently raising its seed round. Why we’re watching: Competing platforms, like Katalon, applitools, testsigma, and Tricentis, still require recordings, pre-written test cases, or human-in-the-loop inputs. Zof AI’s differentiator lies in its ability to crawl applications, interpret requirements, autonomously generate hundreds of test cases, and deploy 40 specialised agents to those tests. The company is also preparing to launch an always-on feature that continuously tests software by monitoring codebases and documentation without requiring a user to manually trigger a test. My Oga Mechanic wants to save Nigerian car owners from unreliable mechanics and expired papers (Autotech, Nigeria) Founded by Kefas Longshak, My Oga Mechanic was born from personal frustration. In 2016, Longshak bought a Volkswagen Passat, then spent over a year being exploited by mechanics when the car got faulty. Recognising that many vehicle owners lack technical knowledge and struggle with trust, he built My Oga Mechanic as a single mobile application to handle all vehicle needs, from documentation to diagnostics and repairs.  Users can renew and register all vehicle documents, including change of ownership, vehicle licenses, tint permits, and driver’s licenses. They can also book vetted mechanics for two types of repairs: on-site fixes (with a flat ₦10,000 [$6.90] logistics fee) or in-shop repairs at a mechanic’s workshop. Longshak claims that My Oga Mechanic operates a growing marketplace of over 2,000 mechanics, spare-parts vendors, and service centres across Lagos. Each vendor goes through a multi-step verification process that includes identity checks with the national identification number (NIN), on-site visits, skills assessments, and provides dedicated agents to support mechanics who don’t own smartphones.  Users get full cost visibility with mechanics providing estimates for necessary autoparts and workmanship before a job begins. Payments are split into two. Mechanics receive an upfront amount to buy parts and then get the balance only after the user confirms completion.  Every repair comes with repair protection insurance (charged at an extra 1% of the repair cost) to cover unexpected damage during vehicle repair. My Oga Mechanic also supports accident repair claims for users with third-party or comprehensive insurance, by handling the entire claims workflow between service centres and insurers.  Its flagship feature is MechaAI, an automotive diagnostic AI agent that lets users describe car symptoms and chat about issues that come up with their vehicles. It can also make suggestions for simple fixes or recommend verified mechanics. MechaAI pulls from a large internal database of repair manuals and technical data, and is built on a custom AI model that sits on top of Google Gemini to handle natural-language conversations. Additionally, the platform handles document renewals, delivering updated papers directly to the user’s doorstep.  The platform runs on a subscription model. Users pay ₦6,000 ($4.14) per month for a primary vehicle and ₦3,500 ($2.41) for each additional vehicle. Subscribers get unlimited MechaAI access, free and timely document renewals,  and no booking fees, meaning that subscribers pay only for actual repair parts and workmanship. Non-subscribers pay ₦1,000 ($0.69) per MechaAI session and ₦2,000 ($1.38) booking fees. My Oga Mechanic earns a 10% commission on mechanic workmanship and commissions on spare parts sales, and claims to have a network of 306 spare parts suppliers offering warranties on all purchases. The startup is currently bootstrapped and preparing

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  • December 11 2025
  • BM

Value laptops for Nigerian students and budget users in 2025

In Nigeria, students and budget users need durable, reliable laptops without breaking the bank or spending money they don’t have on high-end models. While flagship laptops get all the hype and attention, modern entry-level and mid-range budget-friendly laptops are now built to offer features such as SSD storage, efficient processors, and good battery life.   This guide will focus on the best laptops for students and budget users that deliver the highest value under ₦700,000.00 ($482.53). These utility laptops are suitable for entrepreneurs, remote workers, and students who need a budget-friendly device for everyday use.  The top 5 budget-friendly laptops for Nigerian students and every user.  Here are the top five budget-friendly laptops for Nigerian students. The laptops are a good choice for students and everyday users on a budget. HP 250 G10 (13th Gen core i3)  Processor: 13th Gen Intel Core i3-1315U RAM/Storage: 8GB DDR4 RAM / 512GB NVMe SSD Price: ₦575,000.00-₦596,000.00 ($396.37-$410.84)  Display: 15.6-inch  Battery: 3-Cell, 41 Wh Battery Life: Expect around 5-6 hours of real-world web browsing and document editing. The HP 250 G10 is built for durability. It passed the MIL-STD 810H military-grade tests, meaning it can withstand the bumps, drops, and other rough handling of daily student life better than most.  It features a single USB Type-C port, two USB Type-A ports, an HDMI port, and a headphone/mic port. Its RAM is accessible and upgradable, and it weighs 1.2 kg. Acer Aspire 3 (AMD Ryzen 3 7320U)  Processor: AMD Ryzen 3 7320U RAM/Storage: 8GB LPDDR5 RAM / 256GB or 512GB NVMe SSD Price: ₦550,000.00-₦650,000.00 ($379.13-$448.07) Display: 15.6-inch  Battery: 3-Cell, 40 Wh Battery Life: Expect 9-12 hours of continuous web browsing or video playback.  With its AMD Ryzen Mendocino processor, the Acer Aspire 3 delivers outstanding battery life, rivalling many high-end laptops.  The base version weighs 1.6kg and features a single USB Type-C port, two USB Type-A ports, and an HDMI port. The RAM is soldered and cannot be upgraded; instead, buy the 8GB version for efficiency. For peak performance, avoid the 4GB version.  Lenovo IdeaPad Slim 3 (AMD Ryzen 5 7520U) Processor: AMD Ryzen 5 7520U (or similar 7000 series) RAM/Storage: 8GB LPDDR5 RAM / 512GB NVMe SSD Price: ₦600,000.00-₦700,000.00 ($413.60-$482.53) Display: 15.6-inch  Battery: 3-Cell, 47 Wh Battery Life: Expect 7-9 hours of real-world web browsing. The IdeaPad Slim 3 is an all-rounder and ideal for multitasking, light coding, data analysis, and running complex software.  It features one USB Type-C (Gen 2) port, two USB Type-A ports, and one HDMI port. Like the ACER, its RAM is soldered to the motherboard and can’t be upgraded. The design is slim and weighs 1.62kg.  Dell Vostro 3530 (Core i3) Processor: 13th Gen Intel Core i3-1305U RAM/Storage: 8GB DDR4 RAM / 512GB NVMe SSD Price: ₦535,000.00-₦595,000.00 ($368.79-410.15) Display: 15.6-inch  Battery: 3-Cell, 41 Wh (Note: A larger 54 Wh battery exists but is more expensive) Battery Life: Similar to the HP, expect 5-6 hours of typical web browsing. This is a mini workstation for students or users who prefer a heavy-duty build and want to self-upgrade the RAM, which comes in two standard SODIMM slots, making it easy to upgrade to 16GB. The laptop also features a USB Type-C port, a USB Type-A port, an HDMI port, and an Ethernet port. It weighs 1.9kg and passes the MIL-STD durability test.  ASUS Vivobook 15 (12/13th Gen Intel/AMD) Processor: 12th/13th Gen Intel Core i3 or AMD Ryzen 3/5 RAM/Storage: 8GB DDR4 RAM / 256GB or 512GB SSD Price: ₦550,000.00-₦650,000.00 ($379.13-$448.07)  Display: 15.6-inch Battery: 3-Cell, 42 Wh Battery Life: Expect around 5-7 hours of real-world web browsing. ASUS is popular for consistently delivering style and value. The Vivobook 15 does not disappoint. It features vibrant displays, a slim design, and, like HP and DELL, it passes the durability test.  The laptop also features a USB Type-C port, USB Type-A ports, and an HDMI port. The base version weighs 1.7kg, and it has upgradable RAM. Most 8GB models have 4GB or 8GB soldered plus one open SODIMM slot, making it easy to upgrade to 12GB or 16GB.  Visual aid: guide to choosing the best value laptops for students and users on a budget  This visual aid focuses on the key differences between these laptops.  Essential checklists before buying value laptops  There’s no justification for buying a traditional Hard Disk Drive (HDD). Always go for a Solid State drive (SSD)  4GB RAM is not enough to operate Windows 11. Buying a laptop with at least 8GB RAM is more prudent.  Ask if the RAM is soldered or SODIMM. Soldered RAM means it can’t be upgraded, while SODIMM RAM can be upgraded later.  A large watt-hour (Wh) capacity isn’t the only determinant for a solid battery life. Research the processor and how it saves battery.  Look for an Intel Core i3 (12th Gen or newer) or an AMD Ryzen 3/5 (5000-series or 7020-series). These modern CPUs are far more powerful and power-efficient.   Finding a reliable and efficient laptop in Nigeria for under ₦700,000 is entirely achievable, as the models highlighted demonstrate. The best value laptop is ultimately the one that meets your specific priorities. Before you make your final decision, remember the crucial checklist: prioritise a Solid State Drive (SSD), insist on at least 8GB of RAM (and know if it’s upgradable), and select a modern Intel Core i3 (12th Gen or newer) or AMD Ryzen (7020 series or newer) processor. By following this guide, you can confidently invest in a powerful budget laptop that will serve you well through your studies and beyond.

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