As a first-year Computer Science student at the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Timilehin Zubair wanted to become financially independent. His parents gave him ₦15,000 ($11.12) a month, which was supposed to cover his expenses as he adjusted to living away from home. But Zubair could spend the money within two weeks. He began looking for ways to earn his own income. His first attempt was an Instagram blog, where he reposted pictures from other accounts and tried to build an audience. When that failed to gain traction, he moved into vector art, teaching himself Photoshop and spending hours drawing people. He attracted some attention, but the commissions he expected never came. Graphic design was one of his first experiments that actually made money. Zubair began designing for brands and used some of his earnings to advertise his services. In his second year, a roommate asked him to design a flyer for a crypto business he was starting. The design job became Zubair’s introduction to crypto. “That was not the first time I was hearing about crypto,” he told TechCabal in an interview. “This time around, I was very interested in knowing more about it. So, I told him to put me on and give me more information about the business.” By the time he finished the design, Zubair had started trading crypto himself. He bought cryptocurrency from people at one price and sold it at a higher price, keeping the difference. His graphic-design earnings helped him advertise the business, while customers began contacting him on WhatsApp to buy and sell crypto. As the business grew, Zubair realised that he could not handle every transaction manually. If he wanted to serve more customers, he needed to automate the process and build a product. It took a failed attempt to hire an outside developer, and the discovery that one of his own coursemates could build software, the WhatsApp hustle to become Bitoshi, the crypto startup Zubair founded in 2020. The company allows users to send cryptocurrency to a wallet address and receive its naira equivalent in their bank accounts. The name Bitoshi combines “Bit”, from Bitcoin, and “oshi”, from Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous creator or creators of Bitcoin. Bitoshi entered a Nigerian crypto market that was growing rapidly but operating under a difficult banking environment. In February 2021, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) directed banks and other financial institutions to close accounts belonging to crypto businesses. It warned regulated institutions against dealing in crypto-related transactions. By 2026, Nigerians had transacted an estimated $96 billion worth of crypto, making the country one of Africa’s largest crypto markets. For Bitoshi, the opportunity was also the challenge: how do you build a crypto business when the banking infrastructure needed to move customers’ money is effectively off-limits? Day 1: Turning the WhatsApp hustle into a product Ask Zubair when Bitoshi started, and he will not point to the WhatsApp side hustle. In his telling, that was simply a way to make money he badly needed. Day 1, as he counts it, was the moment he decided to turn the hustle into a company. On WhatsApp, Zubair manually matched crypto buyers and sellers and tracked payments himself. Customers would tell him they wanted to sell Bitcoin or another cryptocurrency. He would give them a rate; they would send the crypto to his wallet, and he would transfer the naira equivalent to their bank account. It worked when the business was small. But Zubair knew he could not keep doing every transaction himself as the customer base grew. “I could not scale to 100 customers a day because it was not humanly possible,” he said. Scaling meant getting off WhatsApp and building an actual product. The answer came in the form of Leon, a fellow FUTA student Zubair had known since his first year but did not realise was a developer. The first version of Bitoshi was a simple website that generated a wallet address for each user, allowed them to send cryptocurrency to it and paid the naira equivalent into their bank account. In effect, it was a website version of what Zubair had been doing manually on WhatsApp. For the first few months, it was just the two of them. They were students, working remotely and learning as they went. “We had no marketing team in the early stage. We did zero marketing,” Zubair said. “I was just telling the audience I already had about this product, and they all seemed to like it and started telling their friends about it.” Because Bitoshi launched during the crypto ban, Zubair built Bitoshi assuming it would never get a bank partnership, “We built the product with the mindset that we were going to handle these transactions ourselves,” he said. To make that possible, Bitoshi built a vendor-dispatch system. Withdrawal requests were routed by an algorithm to a queue of vendors. A transaction would go to the first vendor and move to the next if it was not picked up within a set time, until an available vendor accepted it. That vendor would send the money from their own bank account to the customer’s account and earn a commission for processing the transaction. According to Zubair, the system gave the company an advantage over crypto platforms that relied on conventional peer-to-peer (P2P)transactions, where users had to find and transact with individual buyers or sellers. The workaround came with its own problems. Zubair said hackers found ways to exploit the platform, while other users created multiple accounts with fake identities to farm referral bonuses. “We learned on the job. We made a lot of mistakes. We had a lot of losses, because we didn’t fully understand what it meant to build in a financial market,” Zubair says. “It was very messy. But everything that happened, every obstacle we came across, we were able to break through and proceed.” Day 500: From holding crypto to spending it Bitoshi had figured out how to make it easier for
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